The specialization provides an integrated approach combining cellular systems with animal models. Emphasis is placed on practical training, active participation in research laboratories (for example, through the Methods in Neurophysiology course), and preparation for scientific careers within the framework of Research Methods. The main recommended topics within the specialization include:

Cellular Neurophysiology, Glial Physiology, Neuroimmunology: Introduction to the cellular mechanisms of neurons and glial cells (differentiation, axon-dendrite segregation, synaptic transmission, intracellular transport, synaptic plasticity, brain metabolism, etc.) and their roles in pathological conditions such as neuroinflammation.

Neurochemistry, Neuropharmacology, Neurotoxicology: Overview of the basic mechanisms of chemical synaptic transmission, the major neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system in both normal and pathological conditions, and the impact of environmental pollutants on neural function.

Neurobiology of Behaviour, Cognitive Neuroscience: Examination of the physiological bases of behavioural regulation, with insights from modern optogenetic and neuroimaging methods. Introducing neurobiological mechanisms underlying brain plasticity, sensory information processing, learning, and memory.

Neuroanatomy, Electrophysiology, Methods in Light and Fluorescence Microscopy: Practice-oriented introduction to methods used in neuroscience research, including detailed analysis of the structure and histology of rodent and human nervous system.

Human Growth and Development: Focuses on prenatal and postnatal development of the human body, by providing comparative morphological and molecular studies of fetal and adult organ development.

Paleopathology: Exploration of sources, objectives, methodologies, and limitations of paleopathological analysis, with an overview of the most common pathological changes found in historical human remains.

Human Evolution: Presentation of the general characteristics and classification of primates, incorporating both classical and genetic findings, as well as the latest theories concerning the evolution and emergence of humans, based on fossil evidence and genomic analyses.

Physical anthropological research methods: Introduction to widely used biological anthropological methods, with insights into the applications of modern stable isotope and archaeogenetic analyses.

At the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, the Developmental and Stem Cell Neurobiology Research Group investigates the development and differentiation of neurons derived from reprogrammed human cells in various 2D and 3D preclinical drug testing systems. The Neuronal Scaffold Protein Research Group focuses on the role of Caskin scaffold proteins in synaptic plasticity and neural function, as well as their liquid–liquid phase separation properties. The Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group identifies molecular processes underlying learning by combining live-cell fluorescence microscopy with electrophysiological, optogenetic, and behavioural methods. The Molecular and Systems Neurobiology Research Group investigates the molecular and neural network bases of social behaviours in a systems biology framework using neurogenomic, molecular, and chemogenetic approaches. The Ex Vivo Electrophysiology Research Group studies the effects of autism spectrum disorder and environmental pollutants on network activity using electrophysiological and behavioural analyses. The In Vivo Electrophysiology Research Group examines the role of ascending activating systems in regulating sleep–wake cycles and circadian rhythms in freely moving rats.

At the Department of Anthropology, researchers focus on the origins and continuity of historical populations in the Carpathian Basin, analyse factors influencing child growth and maturation, explore sport-anthropological determinants of elite athletic performance, and investigate the functions of tumour-related genes.

Department of Physiology and Neurobiology

• Norbert Bencsik investigates liquid–liquid phase separation and the role of neuronal scaffold proteins in synaptic plasticity.
• Árpád Dobolyi studies the neural network and molecular bases, genetics, and neurogenomics of social behaviour using combined systems biology and molecular biology methods.
• Katalin Schlett focuses on membrane protein trafficking in neurons and molecular mechanisms regulating neuronal plasticity in cultured neurons and transgenic mice.
• Krisztián Tárnok examines the development of neurons derived from reprogrammed skin cells of healthy and autistic patients using microscopic, electrophysiological, and optogenetic techniques.
• Attila Tóth investigates the regulation of sleep processes using in vivo electrophysiological methods.
• Petra Varró analyses the mechanisms underlying normal and pathological synchronized rhythmic neuronal activities and conducts research in neurotoxicology.

Department of Anthropology

• Tamás Hajdu studies the population history and lifestyle of ancient people of the Carpathian Basin, as well as the occurrence, spread, and evolution of infectious, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases.
• Krisztina Vellainé Takács focuses on human and animal molecular genetics, examining the biological functions of tumour-related genes using genetic models and tumour cell lines.
• Annamária Zsákai specializes in methodologies for growth and maturation reference series, studying growth patterns in healthy and chronically ill children and the anthropological characteristics of young elite athletes.

Graduates of the program acquire skills suited for both basic and applied biomedical research, as well as for positions in research and development laboratories of pharmaceutical companies and related institutions. They are well-prepared to participate in advancing neuroscience research, particularly in drug development targeting the central nervous system—a major focus of domestic pharmaceutical innovation. Graduates are also sought after by smaller biotechnology and diagnostics companies.

Students specializing in human biology may pursue careers in museums with anthropological collections, forensic and epidemiological institutions, higher education, or sport-anthropology laboratories, both in Hungary and abroad.